Performance Evaluation and Degradation Mechanism for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Dual Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Fuel gas utilization and water management are particularly challenging integrated engineering problems in hydrogen–oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (H2/O2 PEMFC) systems. Herein, a standardized process is adopted to evaluate the performance investigate degradation mechanisms of PEMFC with dual exhaust recirculation. The purpose incorporating recirculation subsystems achieve high rate realize effective inside stack, which consists 3D-printed ejectors customized pump. Evaluation electrochemical morphological characterization cells under different operating strategies performed after 50 h durability experiments. At current density 400 mA cm?2, rates stack decrease from 16.50% 7.49% 0.71% ejector pump operation strategies, respectively. results show that using devices (ejector/pump) can help effectively mitigating flooding chemical electrode assembly. findings study provide perspective on behavior contribute application H2/O2 PEMFCs.